Hlp Hindi and uardu chart..

 Open main menu  Last modified on 11 June 2015, at 17:32 Help:IPA for Hindi and Urdu The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindi and Urdu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. See Hindustani phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindi-Urdu. See Devanagari and Urdu alphabet for help converting Hindi and Urdu spelling to pronunciation. Consonants IPA Hindi Urdu Approximate English equivalent b ब ب abash bʱ भ بھ abhor d̪[1] द د the d̪ʱ[1] ध دھ without ɖ[1] ड ڈ guard ɖʱ[1] ढ ڈھ guardhouse dʒ ज ج hedge dʒʱ झ جھ hedgehog f फ़ ف Phantom ɡ ग گ agate ɡʱ घ گھ pigheaded h ः ح، ه head ɦ ह ahead j य ی yak k क ک scan kʰ ख کھ can l ल ل leaf m म م much n न ن not ɳ ण ن burner ŋ ं ن bank p प پ span pʰ फ پھ naphtha (in this case, ph is not pronounced as 'f') q क़ ق a k in the throat (Urdu; often [k] in Hindi) r र ر trilled r ɽ ड़ ڑ US: larder ɽʱ ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h; approximated by the US: warhead s स ث، س، ص sue ʂ ष ش/س worship ʃ श ش shoe t̪[1] त ت، ط think t̪ʰ[1] थ تھ thought ʈ[1] ट ٹ art ʈʰ[1] ठ ٹھ artist tʃ च چ catch tʃʰ छ چھ choose ʋ[2] व و varies between w and v x ख़ خ Bach (Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi) ɣ ग़ غ similar to a French r (Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi). Close to uvular flap. z ज़ ذ، ز، ض، ظ zen ʒ झ़ ژ pleasure, azure Vowels IPA Hindi Urdu Approximate English equivalent aː आ, पा آ, بَا la eː ए, पे اے، بے between yell and Yale ɛː ऐ, पै اَے، بَے bell ə[3] अ, प اَ، بَ strut iː[4] ई, पी اِی، بِی feet ɪ[4] इ, पि اِ، بِ dill oː ओ, पो او، بو old ɔː औ, पौ اَو، بَو pod uː[4] ऊ, पू اُو، بُو loot ʊ[4] उ, पु اُ، بُ look ̃ ँ ـں nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) Suprasegmentals IPA ˈ stress (placed before stressed syllable) ː doubled consonant Notes ^ a b c d e f g h To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English /θ ð/ (the th sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s. ^ [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with [w]. ^ /ɛ/ occurs as a conditioned allophone of /ə/ in proximity of an /h/, if /h/ is surrounded on both sides by schwas. Mostly, the second schwa undergoes syncopation and the resultant is just an /ɛ/ preceding an /h/. ^ a b c d /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.